
I 'm intending to generate a return path using NORMINV(RAND(), mean, volatility).
With the simulated returns, I'll make functions to calculate performance & risk measures.
And I got a source code yesterday. I post the code.
Best ragards,
sjoo
/*
* Compute the quantile function for the normal distribution.
*
* For small to moderate probabilities, algorithm referenced
* below is used to obtain an initial approximation which is
* polished with a final Newton step.
*
* For very large arguments, an algorithm of Wichura is used.
*
* REFERENCE
*
* Beasley, J. D. and S. G. Springer (1977).
* Algorithm AS 111: The percentage points of the normal distribution,
* Applied Statistics, 26, 118-121.
*
* Wichura, M.J. (1988).
* Algorithm AS 241: The Percentage Points of the Normal Distribution.
* Applied Statistics, 37, 477-484.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#define R_D_Cval(p) (lower_tail ? (1 - (p)) : (p)) /* 1 - p */
#define R_DT_CIv(p) (log_p ? (lower_tail ? -expm1(p) : exp(p)) \
: R_D_Cval(p))
#define R_D_Lval(p) (lower_tail ? (p) : (1 - (p)))
#define ML_NEGINF ((-1.0) / 0.0)
#define R_D__0 (log_p ? ML_NEGINF : 0.) /* 0 */
#define R_D__1 (log_p ? 0. : 1.) /* 1 */
#define ML_POSINF (1.0 / 0.0)
#define R_DT_0 (lower_tail ? R_D__0 : R_D__1) /* 0 */
#define R_DT_1 (lower_tail ? R_D__1 : R_D__0) /* 1 */
#define R_Q_P01_check(p) \
if ((log_p && p > 0) || \
(!log_p && (p < 0 || p > 1)) ) \
return 0;
#define R_DT_qIv(p) (log_p ? (lower_tail ? exp(p) : - expm1(p)) \
: R_D_Lval(p))
#define DBL_EPSILON 0.0000001
double expm1(double x)
{
double y, a = fabs(x);
if (a < DBL_EPSILON) return x;
if (a > 0.697) return exp(x) - 1; /* negligible cancellation */
if (a > 1e-8)
y = exp(x) - 1;
else /* Taylor expansion, more accurate in this range */
y = (x / 2 + 1) * x;
/* Newton step for solving log(1 + y) = x for y : */
/* WARNING: does not work for y ~ -1: bug in 1.5.0 */
y -= (1 + y) * (log1p (y) - x);
return y;
}
double qnorm(double p, double mu, double sigma)
{
double p_, q, r, val;
int lower_tail = 1;
int log_p = 0;
if (p == R_DT_0) return ML_NEGINF;
if (p == R_DT_1) return ML_POSINF;
R_Q_P01_check(p);
if(sigma < 0) return 0;
if(sigma == 0) return mu;
p_ = R_DT_qIv(p);/* real lower_tail prob. p */
q = p_ - 0.5;
/*-- use AS 241 --- */
/* double ppnd16_(double *p, long *ifault)*/
/* ALGORITHM AS241 APPL. STATIST. (1988) VOL. 37, NO. 3
Produces the normal deviate Z corresponding to a given lower
tail area of P; Z is accurate to about 1 part in 10**16.
(original fortran code used PARAMETER(..) for the coefficients
and provided hash codes for checking them...)
*/
if (fabs(q) <= .425) {/* 0.075 <= p <= 0.925 */
r = .180625 - q * q;
val =
q * (((((((r * 2509.0809287301226727 +
33430.575583588128105) * r + 67265.770927008700853) * r +
45921.953931549871457) * r + 13731.693765509461125) * r +
1971.5909503065514427) * r + 133.14166789178437745) * r +
3.387132872796366608)
/ (((((((r * 5226.495278852854561 +
28729.085735721942674) * r + 39307.89580009271061) * r +
21213.794301586595867) * r + 5394.1960214247511077) * r +
687.1870074920579083) * r + 42.313330701600911252) * r + 1.);
}
else { /* closer than 0.075 from {0,1} boundary */
/* r = min(p, 1-p) < 0.075 */
if (q > 0)
r = R_DT_CIv(p);/* 1-p */
else
r = p_;/* = R_DT_Iv(p) ^= p */
r = sqrt(- ((log_p &&
((lower_tail && q <= 0) || (!lower_tail && q > 0))) ?
p : /* else */ log(r)));
/* r = sqrt(-log(r)) <==> min(p, 1-p) = exp( - r^2 ) */
if (r <= 5.) { /* <==> min(p,1-p) >= exp(-25) ~= 1.3888e-11 */
r += -1.6;
val = (((((((r * 7.7454501427834140764e-4 +
.0227238449892691845833) * r + .24178072517745061177) *
r + 1.27045825245236838258) * r +
3.64784832476320460504) * r + 5.7694972214606914055) *
r + 4.6303378461565452959) * r +
1.42343711074968357734)
/ (((((((r *
1.05075007164441684324e-9 + 5.475938084995344946e-4) *
r + .0151986665636164571966) * r +
.14810397642748007459) * r + .68976733498510000455) *
r + 1.6763848301838038494) * r +
2.05319162663775882187) * r + 1.);
}
else { /* very close to 0 or 1 */
r += -5.;
val = (((((((r * 2.01033439929228813265e-7 +
2.71155556874348757815e-5) * r +
.0012426609473880784386) * r + .026532189526576123093) *
r + .29656057182850489123) * r +
1.7848265399172913358) * r + 5.4637849111641143699) *
r + 6.6579046435011037772)
/ (((((((r *
2.04426310338993978564e-15 + 1.4215117583164458887e-7)*
r + 1.8463183175100546818e-5) * r +
7.868691311456132591e-4) * r + .0148753612908506148525)
* r + .13692988092273580531) * r +
.59983220655588793769) * r + 1.);
}
if(q < 0.0)
val = -val;
/* return (q >= 0.)? r : -r ;*/
}
return mu + sigma * val;
}
int main(void) {
int i =0;
double mu = 100;
double sigma = 10;
for(i=0;i<100;i++) {
printf("qnorm:%10.10f \n",qnorm((double)i/100,mu,sigma));
}
return 0;
}
Edited: Fri May 26, 06 at 12:13 AM by sjoo